2nd International Conference on
Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology

Toxicology deals with the examination of the character and action of dangerous substances. It incorporates, seeing and uncovering appearances, parts, acknowledgment and handling of harmful substances significantly association with the symptom of people. It consolidates customary masters and organic chemistry blends found in nature, and likewise pharmaceutical mixes that are organized for useful use by people. These substances could have harmful effects in living structures change of integrity intrusion being developed outlines, bother, malady and death.

Toxicology 2019 will have a complete discussion on drug discovery and drug development also it includes discussions on drug screening, designing, drug stability and pre-clinical analysis on unicellular organisms and fauna.

Emergency medicine, also known as accident and emergency medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Emergency physicians care for unscheduled and undifferentiated patients of all ages. As first-line providers, their primary responsibility is to initiate resuscitation and stabilization and to start investigations and interventions to diagnose and treat illnesses in the acute phase. Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units, but may also work in primary care settings such as urgent care clinics. Sub-specializations of emergency medicine include disaster medicine, medical toxicology, ultrasonography, critical care medicine, hyperbaric medicine, sports medicine, palliative care, or aerospace medicine.

It  is involved in the comprehensive higher level care of people and patients who come into contact with drugs, substances or other agents that pose a threat to their well-being. Some of Medical Toxicology encounters are Unintentional and intentional overdoses, Exposure to industrial chemical products and environmental hazards, Drug abuse management, Diagnosis and management of exposures and Independent medical examinations, assessing wound injury or disability resulting from toxic  exposures.

The recognized effects of the designed execs that consolidate one or two of hazardous substances from defilements, pesticides and fertilizers have an effect on the living being and its gathering. It furthermore says properly however the toxic chemicals undergo things and the way they're absorbed and create use of plants and animals, the frameworks by that they cause affliction result inherent distortions, or deadly substance living things. Every one of those administrators deeply influences the animals living around it. This can cause in the unevenness of natural group.

We live in the most modernized and industrialized world where we get exposed to the number of the chemicals and hazardous substances which cause severe damage to the body and the environment. In this part the industrial workers are widely exposed to the chemicals which cause severe damage to the body and in internal organs. The industrial toxicology deals with the safety measures of workers and the various steps to be taken to prevent the bioaccumulation of the heavy metals.

Aquatic Toxicology  publishes original scientific papers dealing with the mechanisms of toxicity and the responses to toxic chemical agents in aquatic environments at the community, species, tissue, cellular, subcellular and molecular levels, including aspects of uptake, metabolism and excretion of toxic producing agents.

This  manages the medications and their connections with the bases and the procedures of all living organisms. Applied Toxicology is a branch of toxicology which comprises all the applications comes under pharmacology & toxicology. It majorly  involves the branches like the pharmacogenetics, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics. Applied toxicology is the utilization of the medicines and just how the pharmacological activities or data could be related to the therapeutics.

Immunotoxicology is the study of immune dysfunction resulting from exposure of an organism to a xenobiotic agents. The immune dysfunction may take the form of immunosuppression or alternatively, allergy, autoimmunity or any number of inflammatory-based diseases and pathologies. In the non-adult (embryo, fetus, neonate, juvenile, adolescent) this study is referred to as Developmental Immunotoxicology (commonly abbreviated as DIT). For most toxicants examined to date, the developing immune system exhibits a heightened sensitivity compared with that of an adult. For this reason, DIT screening has applications to human, animal and wildlife health protection. Immunotoxicological responses sometimes leads to extreme health conditions, as we know it is an immunodisfunction problem it becomes fatal. Different people give different type of response to a certain drug as it gets interacted with their immune system. Some people show hypersensitivity to a specific drug.

Hereditary toxicology is that the investigation of hereditary harms those outcomes in changes to heritable data. It’s an incredible science in lightweight of the very fact that there are numerous distinctive styles of ordering damage that emerge through an honest type of instruments just like the clastogenesis, cause, recombination, and aneugenesis. The applicability of hereditary pharmacology is remarkably apparent from the hereditary sicknesses.

Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), manganese glutamate, nitric oxide,botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations.

It is evident by the dependency of humankind on nutrition by virtue of their heterotrophic metabolism. By means of modern biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, computer science, bioinformatics as well as by various techniques like high-throughput and high-content screening technologies it has been possible to identify adverse effects and characterize potential toxic chemicals in food. The mechanisms of toxicant actions are multifactorial but many toxic effects converge by generating the oxidative stress and chronic inflammation resulting in cell death, aging and degenerative diseases.

Systems Toxicology is the integration of classical toxicology with quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular, functional, generating changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Mathematical models are then built to describe these processes in a quantitative manner.

Pediatric Toxicology is a branch of toxicology with medical specialty which focuses on diagnosis, prevention of toxic substances and other adverse health effects in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatric poison most commonly occur in children 1-5 years of age and are exploratory in nature. The adverse health effects happen due to environmental toxicants and biological agents. Pediatric patients existing unique affect in the field of medical toxicology.

• Epidemiology of Pediatric Poisoning
• Pediatric Drug Metabolism
• Diagnosis of Pediatric Poisoning
• Treatment of Pediatric Poisoning

It is the scientific study of drug action on biological systems that is the study of the interactions between a living organism and drugs. If substances have best medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. Pharmacological studies range from the effects of chemical agents upon subcellular mechanisms, to those that deal with the potential hazards of pesticides and herbicides, to those that mainly focuses on the treatment of major diseases by drug inducing therapy.

Identification and evaluation of the toxic risks which are present in a community and to find the measures to reduce the risk of toxicity to eliminate is essential. At the genetic level, collection, interpretation and the storage of genetic information can help in understanding the effects of toxic chemical substances at genetic level or it’s effect in the formation of protein structure in a particular cell or tissue.

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (ónkos), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass" and the word λÏŒγος (logos), meaning "study". Cancer survival has improved due to three main components including improved prevention efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors (e.g., tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption),improved screening of several cancers (allowing for earlier diagnosis), and improvements in treatment.

Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children"; they derive from two Greek words: παá¿–ς (pais "child") and á¼°ατρÏŒς (iatros "doctor, healer"). Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.

Various pollutants enter the environment and cause severe damage to the ecosystem and the organisms present in it. Due to the diversity in the chemical nature of the pollutants and also the mode and level of toxicity, risk assessment is becoming a difficult task. Even minute level of toxicity might have an adverse effect on the environment when exposed continuously.These minute level of toxicity can be detected by Biomarkers which helps in reflecting adverse biological response towards xenobiotic toxins in the environment.

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions which can affect different species. Veterinary medicine is widely practiced, both with and without professional supervision. Professional care is most often led by a veterinary physician (also known as a vet, veterinary surgeon or veterinarian), but also by paraveterinary workers such as veterinary nurses or technicians. This can be augmented by other paraprofessionals with specific specialisms such as animal physiotherapy or dentistry, and species relevant roles such as farriers.

The term "biotoxin" is sometimes used to explicitly confirm the biological origin. Biotoxins can be further classified, for example, as fungal biotoxins, microbial biotoxins, plant biotoxins, or animal biotoxins. Toxins produced by microorganisms are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response. Biotoxins vary greatly in purpose and mechanism, and can be highly complex (the venom of the cone snail contains dozens of small proteins, each targeting a specific nerve channel or receptor), or relatively small protein.

Biotoxins in nature have two primary functions:

• Predation, such as in the spider, snake, scorpion, jellyfish, and wasp
• Defense as in the bee, ant, termite, honey bee, wasp, and poison dart frog